Patterns and Trends of Traumatic Fractures in Children and Adolescents Due to Falls: A 10-Year Study in Turkey

Traumatic Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Patterns and Trends

Abstract

Introduction: Falls are the leading cause of hospitalization and emergency department visits due to trauma in children aged 0 to 18 years

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence and pattern of traumatic fractures (TFs) as a result of falls in a population of children and adolescents in Turkey

Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records yielded data on 1417 patients with fractures due to falls.

Results: The male-female ratio was 2.9:1, with upper extremity fractures (57.6%) being most frequent, followed by lower extremity (27.3%) and craniofacial fractures (16.5%). High falls correlated with increased incidences of spinal, lower extremity, and craniofacial fractures, while low falls were associated with more upper extremity fractures. Notably, spine fractures prevailed in adolescents (15-18 years), and craniofacial fractures dominated in young children (≤3 years). Distinct gender differences emerged in fracture distribution. The study highlighted seasonal and temporal trends, with peak incidence in the fall and between 16:00 and 20:00. Nerve injuries were documented in 16.4% of cases, often linked to high-impact falls, spinal, and craniofacial fractures. Early complications/associated injuries (ASOIs) were found in 19.5%, while late complications/ASOIs occurred in 9.2% of cases.

Discussion: Falls from high correlated with a higher frequency of early complications/ASOIs. To mitigate the impact of fall-related fractures, preventative measures, targeted interventions, and education are vital. Recognizing risk factors and designing strategies tailored to different age groups and genders can improve patient outcomes.