Ultrasonografik Baş Çevresinin Doğum Şekli ve Perine Yırtığı Üzerine Etkisi
Head Circumference, Delivery Mode and Perineal Lacerations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14032629Anahtar Kelimeler:
sezeryan- tahmini fetal ağırlık- baş çevresi- perineal yırtık- vajinal doğumÖzet
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, primipar ve multipar hastalarda baş çevresinin doğum şekli ve perineal yırtılma üzerindeki rolünü belirlemek ve bu rolü tahmini fetal ağırlıkla karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde doğum yapan toplam 866 hasta iki gruba ayrıldı: vajinal doğum (n=604) ve sezaryen (n=262). Demografik özellikler, sonografik baş çevresi, tahmini fetal ağırlık, doğum haftası ve ağırlığı, ciddi perineal yırtılma varlığı, cinsiyet, neonatal baş çevresi, Apgar skorları gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Sonuçlar: Vajinal doğumda ortanca baş çevresi 339 (302-384) milimetre, sezaryen doğumda 347 (314-384) milimetre idi (p<0,001). Ultrasonografik baş çevresi, tahmini fetal ağırlık (r=0,561, p<0,001), doğum ağırlığı (r=0,446, p<0,001) ve yenidoğan baş çevresi (r=0,396, p<0,001) ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi. Baş çevresinin >35,4 olması sezaryen doğumu %36,3 duyarlılık ve %84,8 özgüllükle (AUC=0,637, p<0,001) ve >35,2 olması perineal yırtığı %78,6 duyarlılık ve %85,4 özgüllükle (AUC=0,853, p<0,001) öngördü. Baş çevresi, tahmini fetal ağırlığa kıyasla sezaryen için üstündü (p=0,003) ancak perineal laserasyon için fark bulunamadı (p=0,64). Baş çevresi >34,9, primipar kadınlarda %60 duyarlılık ve %73,8 özgüllükle sezaryen doğumu tahmin ederken (AUC=0,692, p<0,001), >35,4, multipar kadınlarda %34,3 duyarlılık ve %84,5 özgüllükle sezaryen doğumu tahmin etti (AUC=0,624, p<0,001).
Sonuç: Büyük baş çevresinin sezaryen doğum ve perineal laserasyonlarla tahmini fetal ağırlığa göre daha güçlü bir şekilde ilişkili olduğu düşünüldüğünde, baş çevresinin ölçülmesinin doğum şeklini ve komplikasyonları belirlemek için uygun bir yaklaşım olacağını düşünüyoruz.
İndirmeler
Referanslar
Nair AD, Manchanda S, Gamanagatti S, et al. Post caesarean section complications conundrum: Role of imaging. Br J Radiol 2022;95(1138):20211344.
doi: 10.1259/bjr.20211344.
Regmi DR, Dangal G, Silwal A, et al. Cesarean Section among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Center of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022;60(245):6-11. doi: 10.31729/jnma.6597.
Okeahialam NA, Sultan AH, Thakar R. The prevention of perineal trauma during vaginal birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024;230(3S):991-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.021.
Hong J, Atkinson J, Roddy Mitchell A, et al. Comparison of Maternal Labor-Related Complications and Neonatal Outcomes Following Elective Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks of Gestation vs Expectant Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6(5):e2313162.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13162.
Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Israel A, et al. Sonographic Large Fetal Head Circumference and Risk of Cesarean Delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218(3):339.e1-339.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.230.
Rabei NH, El-Helaly AM, Farag AH, et al. Intrapartum fetal head circumference and estimated fetal weight as predictors of operative delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017;137(1):34-39.doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12098.
Kehinde O, Njokanma O, Olanrewaju D. Parental socioeconomic status and birthweight distribution of Nigerian term newborn babies. Niger J Paediatr 2013;40:299-302.
doi: 10.4314/njp.v40i3,20.
Kennelly M, Anjum R, Lyons S, et al. Postpartum fetal head circumference and its influence in nullipara. Obstet Gynecol 2003;23:496-499.
doi: 10.1080/0144361031000153701.
Meyer R, Rottenstreich A, Shapira M, et al. The role of fetal head circumference in the formation of obstetric anal sphincter injuries following vacuum deliveries among primiparous women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020;301(6):1423-1429.
doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05558-7.
Gundabattula SR, Surampudi K. Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) at a tertiary centre in south India. Int Urogynecol J 2018;29(3):391-396.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3398-0.
Burke N, Burke G, Breathnach F, et al. Prediction of cesarean delivery in the term nulliparous woman: results from the prospective, multicenter Genesis study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:598:e1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.017.
Passerini K, Kurmanavicius J, Burkhardt T, et al. Influence of newborn head circumference and birth weight on the delivery mode of primipara: what is more important? J Perinat Med. 2020;48(7):681-686. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0410.
Hadlock F, Harrist R, Sharman R, et al. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:333-337.
Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Berghella V, et al. Practice guidelines for performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;37:116-126. doi: 10.1002/uog.8831.
Kimmel S, Ratliff-Schaub K. Growth and development. In: Racel R, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine, 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap32.
Walsh JM, Hehir MP, Robson MS, et al. Mode of delivery and outcomes by birth weight among spontaneous and induced singleton cephalic nulliparous labors. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2015; 129:22-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.029.
Zhang X, Decker A, Platt RW, et al. How big is too big? The perinatal consequences of fetal macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:517:e1-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.12.005.
Boulet SL, Alexander GR, Salihu HM, Pass M. Macrosomic births in the United States: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;188:1372-1378. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.302.
Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Ein-Mor E, et al. A large head circumference is more strongly associated with unplanned cesarean or instrumental delivery and neonatal complications than high birthweight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213(6):833.e1-833.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.045.
Rizzo G, Aiello E, Bosi C, et al. Fetal head circumference and subpubic angle are independent risk factors for unplanned cesarean and operative delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1006-1011. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13162.
Ayinde OA, Omigbodun AO. Head circumference at the time of birth: a possible predictor of labour outcome in singleton cephalic deliveries at term? Ann Afr Med 2004;3:126-129.
Mujugira A, Osoti A, Deya R, et al. Fetal head circumference, operative delivery, and fetal outcomes: a multi-ethnic population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013;13:106. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-106.
Elvander C, Hogberg U, Ekeus C. The influence of fetal head circumference on labor outcome: a population-based register study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012;91:470-475. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01358.x.
Villar J, Papageorghiou AT, Pang R, et al. The likeness of fetal growth and newborn size across non-isolated populations in the INTERGROWTH21st Project: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study and Newborn Cross-Sectional Study. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol 2014;2:781-792. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70121-4.
Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Altman DG, et al. International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 2014;384:869-879. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61490-2.
Nelson P, Nugent R. The association between sonographic fetal head circumference, obstetric anal sphincter injury and mode of delivery: A retrospective cohort study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021;61(5):722-727. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13342.
Meyer R, Rottenstreich A, Zamir M, et al.Sonographic fetal head circumference and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery. Int Urogynecol J 2020;31(11):2285-2290. doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04296-3.
Chill HH, Lipschuetz M, Atias E, et al. Association between birth weight and head circumference and obstetric anal sphincter injury severity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021;265:119-124. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.029.
Nair AD, Manchanda S, Gamanagatti S, et al. Post caesarean section complications conundrum: Role of imaging. Br J Radiol 2022;95(1138):20211344.
doi: 10.1259/bjr.20211344.
Regmi DR, Dangal G, Silwal A, et al. Cesarean Section among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Center of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022;60(245):6-11. doi: 10.31729/jnma.6597.
Okeahialam NA, Sultan AH, Thakar R. The prevention of perineal trauma during vaginal birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024;230(3S):991-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.021.
Hong J, Atkinson J, Roddy Mitchell A, et al. Comparison of Maternal Labor-Related Complications and Neonatal Outcomes Following Elective Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks of Gestation vs Expectant Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6(5):e2313162.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13162.
Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Israel A, et al. Sonographic Large Fetal Head Circumference and Risk of Cesarean Delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218(3):339.e1-339.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.230.
Rabei NH, El-Helaly AM, Farag AH, et al. Intrapartum fetal head circumference and estimated fetal weight as predictors of operative delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017;137(1):34-39.doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12098.
Kehinde O, Njokanma O, Olanrewaju D. Parental socioeconomic status and birthweight distribution of Nigerian term newborn babies. Niger J Paediatr 2013;40:299-302.
doi: 10.4314/njp.v40i3,20.
Kennelly M, Anjum R, Lyons S, et al. Postpartum fetal head circumference and its influence in nullipara. Obstet Gynecol 2003;23:496-499.
doi: 10.1080/0144361031000153701.
Meyer R, Rottenstreich A, Shapira M, et al. The role of fetal head circumference in the formation of obstetric anal sphincter injuries following vacuum deliveries among primiparous women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020;301(6):1423-1429.
doi: 10.1007/s00404-020-05558-7.
Gundabattula SR, Surampudi K. Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI) at a tertiary centre in south India. Int Urogynecol J 2018;29(3):391-396.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-017-3398-0.
Burke N, Burke G, Breathnach F, et al. Prediction of cesarean delivery in the term nulliparous woman: results from the prospective, multicenter Genesis study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:598:e1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.017.
Passerini K, Kurmanavicius J, Burkhardt T, et al. Influence of newborn head circumference and birth weight on the delivery mode of primipara: what is more important? J Perinat Med. 2020;48(7):681-686. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0410.
Hadlock F, Harrist R, Sharman R, et al. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:333-337.
Salomon LJ, Alfirevic Z, Berghella V, et al. Practice guidelines for performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011;37:116-126. doi: 10.1002/uog.8831.
Kimmel S, Ratliff-Schaub K. Growth and development. In: Racel R, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine, 8th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap32.
Walsh JM, Hehir MP, Robson MS, et al. Mode of delivery and outcomes by birth weight among spontaneous and induced singleton cephalic nulliparous labors. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2015; 129:22-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.10.029.
Zhang X, Decker A, Platt RW, et al. How big is too big? The perinatal consequences of fetal macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:517:e1-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.12.005.
Boulet SL, Alexander GR, Salihu HM, Pass M. Macrosomic births in the United States: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;188:1372-1378. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.302.
Lipschuetz M, Cohen SM, Ein-Mor E, et al. A large head circumference is more strongly associated with unplanned cesarean or instrumental delivery and neonatal complications than high birthweight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015;213(6):833.e1-833.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.045.
Rizzo G, Aiello E, Bosi C, et al. Fetal head circumference and subpubic angle are independent risk factors for unplanned cesarean and operative delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1006-1011. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13162.
Ayinde OA, Omigbodun AO. Head circumference at the time of birth: a possible predictor of labour outcome in singleton cephalic deliveries at term? Ann Afr Med 2004;3:126-129.
Mujugira A, Osoti A, Deya R, et al. Fetal head circumference, operative delivery, and fetal outcomes: a multi-ethnic population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013;13:106. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-106.
Elvander C, Hogberg U, Ekeus C. The influence of fetal head circumference on labor outcome: a population-based register study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012;91:470-475. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01358.x.
Villar J, Papageorghiou AT, Pang R, et al. The likeness of fetal growth and newborn size across non-isolated populations in the INTERGROWTH21st Project: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study and Newborn Cross-Sectional Study. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol 2014;2:781-792. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70121-4.
Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Altman DG, et al. International standards for fetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. Lancet 2014;384:869-879. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61490-2.
Nelson P, Nugent R. The association between sonographic fetal head circumference, obstetric anal sphincter injury and mode of delivery: A retrospective cohort study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021;61(5):722-727. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13342.
Meyer R, Rottenstreich A, Zamir M, et al.Sonographic fetal head circumference and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury following vaginal delivery. Int Urogynecol J 2020;31(11):2285-2290. doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04296-3.
Chill HH, Lipschuetz M, Atias E, et al. Association between birth weight and head circumference and obstetric anal sphincter injury severity. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021;265:119-124. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.029.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Chronicles of Precision Medical Researchers
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıtır.